IX. TRANSYLVANIA.
78. From Klausenburg to Bistritz 405
From Deés to Nagybánya, 406. — From Sajó-Magyarós to
Maros-Ludas. From Bistritz to Alt-Rodna, 407.
79. From Klausenburg to Hermannstadt and Kronstadt 407
From Torda to Topánfalva and Toroczkó. From Kocsárd
to Szász-Régen. From Szász-Régen to Bistritz and to Borszék,
408. — From Schässburg to Csik-Szereda viâ Szekely-Ud-
varhély, 410. — From Reps to Fogaras, 411.
80. Kronstadt and Environs 411
From Kronstadt to Hosszufalu and to Zernest. Mountain
Ascents, 413, 414. — From Kronstadt to Kézdi-Vásárhely.
From Sepsi-Szent-György to Borszék, 415.
81. From Arad to Hermannstadt 415
From Piski to Vajda-Hunyad; to Petrosény and Lupény,
416. — From Petrosény to Hermannstadt, 417. —
From
Karlsburg to Abrudbánya, 419.
From Alvincz to Hermannstadt 419
82. Hermannstadt and Environs 419 Hohe Rinne, 421.
83. From Hermannstadt to Fogaras 421
Heltau; Michelsberg, 421. — Rotenturm Pass; Surul; Negoi,
422. — Bullea Valley. Podragu. From Fogaras to Kron-
stadt, 423.
84. From Kronstadt to Bucharest viâ Predeal 423
From Predeal to Rosenau, 424. — From Bucharest to
Giurgevo, 426.
The former principality of Transylvania, called Erdély by the
Magyars, and Ardealu by the Roumanians (both meaning 'forest-
land'), a mountainous district of about 21,000 sq. M. in extent,
with 2,456,000 inhab., forms the S.E. part of Hungary (15 counties).
Its German name of Siebenbürgen has been derived from the first
seven 'burgs', or fortresses, built by the German colonists, or from
the seven once fortified towns of Hermannstadt, Klausenburg,
Kronstadt, Bistritz, Medias, Mühlenbach, and Schässburg.
History. At the beginning of the Christian era the district
now known as Transylvania formed part of the kingdom of Dacia,
and in 105 A.D., on the subjugation by Trajan of Decebalus, the
last Dacian sovereign, it was incorporated with the Roman province
of Dacia. It remained under Roman sway till 274 A. D., when the
Emperor Aurelian was compelled to withdraw his troops and the
flower of the Roman colonists across the Danube by the Gothic
hordes from the N., which now poured into the country. From this
date down to the beginning of the 12th cent. Transylvania was
the great theatre of battles between the Ostrogoths, Huns, Longo-
bards, Bulgarians, Magyars, Kumans, and other Eastern races